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arrow (n.) early 14c., from O.E. arwan, earlier earh "arrow," possibly borrowed from O.N. ör (gen. örvar), from P.Gmc. *arkhwo (Cf. Goth. arhwanza), from PIE root *arku- "bow and/or arrow," source of Latin arcus (see ARC (Cf. arc) (n.)). The ground sense would be "the thing belonging to the bow," perhaps a superstitious avoidance of the actual name.
A rare word in Old English, where more common words for "arrow" were stræl (cognate with the word still common in Slavic, once prevalent in Germanic, too; meaning related to "flash, streak") and fla, flan, a North Germanic word, perhaps originally with the sense of "splinter." Stræl disappeared by 1200; fla lingered in Scottish until after 1500. Meaning "a mark like an arrow in cartography, etc." is from 1834.

Etymology dictionary. 2014.

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