sublunar
111IBN WAQAR, JOSEPH BEN ABRAHAM — (14th century), Spanish philosopher and kabbalist. Ibn Waqar, a member of a distinguished family, lived in Toledo. He expounded his kabbalistic ideas in a poem titled Shir ha Yiḥud, which he himself annotated. His chief work is the Arabic… …
112INTELLECT — The rationalism of medieval Jewish philosophy is manifest in its doctrines of intellect. Seen as both an incorporeal, universal heavenly substance and as a personal psychic faculty, intellect is both within man and without; it is viewed as the… …
113ISRAELI, ISAAC BEN SOLOMON — (c. 855 c. 955), physician and philosopher. Born in egypt , Israeli emigrated at about the age of 50 to kairouan , capital of the maghreb , where ʿUbayd Allāh al Mahdī, founder of the Fatimid dynasty, appointed him court physician. His renown… …
114JUDEO-ARABIC LITERATURE — JUDEO ARABIC LITERATURE, written in Arabic by Jews for Jews. It is written in an idiom which is linguistically closer to the spoken form of Arabic than is the idiom used in Muslim literature. It may plausibly be assumed that, prior to the rise of …
115NATURE — Though the Bible is full of the awareness and appreciation of nature from the creation narrative up to the Psalmist s declaration, The heavens declare the glory of God… (Ps. 19:2), it does not profess a comprehensive doctrine of nature in… …
116REDEMPTION — REDEMPTION, salvation from the states or circumstances that destroy the value of human existence or human existence itself. The word redeemer and its related terms redeem and redemption appear in the Bible some 130 times and are derived from two… …
117REWARD AND PUNISHMENT — The doctrine of reward and punishment is central to Judaism throughout the ages; that man receives his just reward for his good deeds and just retribution for his transgressions is the very basis of the conception of both human and divine justice …
118WILLIAM OF AUVERGNE° — (c. 1180–1249), French theologian and philosopher. Born in Aurillac, William was professor of theology at the University of Paris and bishop of that city from 1228 until his death. His principal work is Magisterium divinale, a collection of… …
