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  • 91japan — japanner, n. /jeuh pan /, n., adj., v., japanned, japanning. n. 1. any of various hard, durable, black varnishes, originally from Japan, for coating wood, metal, or other surfaces. 2. work varnished and figured in the Japanese manner. 3. Japans,… …

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  • 92Japan — /jeuh pan /, n. 1. a constitutional monarchy on a chain of islands off the E coast of Asia: main islands, Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu, and Shikoku. 125,716,637; 141,529 sq. mi. (366,560 sq. km). Cap.: Tokyo. Japanese, Nihon, Nippon. 2. Sea of, the… …

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  • 93strategy — /strat i jee/, n., pl. strategies. 1. Also, strategics. the science or art of combining and employing the means of war in planning and directing large military movements and operations. 2. the use or an instance of using this science or art. 3.… …

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  • 94Northern War, First — (1655–1660) Final stage of the struggle over the Polish Swedish succession. In 1655 the Swedish king Charles X Gustav declared war on Poland on the pretext that it refused to recognize him as king. In alliance with Brandenburg, Sweden invaded… …

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  • 95Pareto, Vilfredo — born July 15, 1848, Paris, France died Aug. 19, 1923, Geneva, Switz. Italian economist and sociologist. Educated at the University of Turin, he worked as an engineer and later served as a director of a large Italian railway. He taught at the… …

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  • 96Adams, Henry — ▪ American historian born Feb. 16, 1838, Boston died March 27, 1918, Washington, D.C.       historian, man of letters, and author of one of the outstanding autobiographies of Western literature, The Education of Henry Adams.       Adams was the… …

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  • 97Child, Sir Josiah, 1st Baronet — ▪ British merchant born 1630, London, England died June 22, 1699, London?       English merchant, economist, and governor of the East India Company.       The son of a London merchant, Child amassed a fortune as supplier of food to the navy. He… …

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  • 98Egypt, ancient — Introduction  civilization in northeastern Africa dating from the 3rd millennium BC. Its many achievements, preserved in its art and monuments, hold a fascination that continues to grow as archaeological finds expose its secrets. This article… …

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  • 99Han Feizi — ▪ Chinese philosopher Introduction Wade Giles romanization  Han Fei tzu  (Chinese: “Master Han Fei”)  born c. 280, China died 233 BCE, China       the greatest of China s Legalist (Legalism) philosophers. His essays on autocratic government so… …

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  • 100Medici, Lorenzo di Piero de', Duca Di Urbino — ▪ Italian ruler born Sept. 12, 1492, Florence died May 4, 1519, Florence       ruler of Florence from 1513 to 1519, to whom Niccolò Machiavelli addressed his treatise The Prince, counselling him to accomplish the unity of Italy by arming the… …

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